Monday, August 2, 2010

References

The jornal of neuropsyciatry. Delirium in children and adolescence. Susan Beckwitt Turkel, M.D. and C. Jane Tavaré, M.S. (2002, July 31). http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/15/4/431

Science Direct. Delirious behavior in children with influenza: its clinical features and EEG findings. (2004, September 11). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T50-4D98642-1&_user=10&_coverDate=06%2F30%2F2005&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1419037392&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=3abcfc63b2aca3dfbd84d6012eadd138

Pubmed Central. Pediatric delirium in critical illness: phenomenology, clinical correlates and treatment response in 40 cases in the pediatric intensive care unit. Jan N. M. Schieveld. (2007, March 26). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1915613/

Anesthesia analgesia. Emergence Delirium in Children: Many Questions, Few Answers. Gordana P. Vlajkovic, MD, Radomir P. Sindjelic, MD, PhD. (2010, July 17)http://www.anesthesia-analgesia.org/content/104/1/84.full

A Clinical Study of Delirium in Children and Adolescents. DANE G. PRUGH, MD, SAMUEL WAGONFELD, MD, DAVID METCALF, MD, KENT JORDAN, MD.http://www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/cgi/reprint/42/1/177.pdf

Reporter. New tool helps gauge delirium in children. CAROLE BARTOO. (2009, April 1o). http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/reporter/index.html?ID=7149

Psychosomatics. Comparing Symptoms of Delirium in Adults and Children. usan Beckwitt Turkel, M.D., Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D., and C. Jane Tavaré, M.S. http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/47/4/320

BNET. Symptoms of pediatric delirium often overlooked, mistreated.http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4345/is_2_34/ai_n29281263/

Science Direct. EEG spectral analysis in children with febrile delirium. (2004, April 12). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T50-4C4X41S-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2004&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1419050499&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=060b1db9efa1b877c15073782732f8e2

Psychosomatics. The Delirium Rating Scale in Children and Adolescents. Susan Beckwitt Turkel, M.D., Kenneth Braslow, M.D., C. Jane Tavaré, M.S., and Paula T. Trzepacz, M.D. (2003, April). http://psy.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/44/2/126

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10 links to help you better understand Delirium in children

1) http://neuro.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/15/4/431

This website is a research paper that will help you to better understand the general clinical presentation and symptoms of children with delirium.

The research conducted. n=84, age 6 months-18 years.

This research was primarily conducted as a descriptive study in order to determine the symptoms that distinguish the underlying disorders of delirium.



This link attempts to connect influenza and delirious behavior with the readings of a electroencephalogram (EEG).

The results show slight abnormalities in the EEG that are being linked to the delirious behavior. The hope is that these EEG reading will be able to be used for future diagnostic testing.



This is a descriptive study of children who were in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The research was conducted over a four year span at a PICU in the netherlands.

What I liked about this study were the two different approaches taken by the physicians. both a psychosocial and pharmacological approach was taken in order to determine the best method of treatment for delirium.

The results of this study are clearly shown through the use of graphs and descriptive text. I think anyone would find this very useful in understanding the use of antipsychotic drugs in order to control delirium.



This link will discuss what is being termed, emergence delirium (ED). Emergence delirium takes place post-anesthetics in children. This article discusses a potential cause of emergence delirium as inhalant anesthetics.



Most notably this link is designed to distinguish guide to the psychological, clinical-medical, and laboratory diagnosis of delirium in children.

Although this is not the lightest read it does contain good information.



This is a link to a news paper article titled "new tool helps gauge delirium in children". The actually "tool" that was created is not the most innovative, it is simply a scale to determine the mental status of an individual.

This is a simple read and relatively informative about the current research being conducted, and techniques used to monitor delirium.

The most notable portion of this link comes in the final paragraph. It discusses some common causes of delirium and the importance of finding the root causes of the delirious behavior.



This research was well conducted and came to some interesting and important conclusions.

As you read the abstract you will find that the authors make the claim that symptoms of delirium found in children are very similar to those found in adults, with one main distinction. The distinction being the rates and intensity at which the symptoms occur. I find this to be an important discovery.

The author of this research gathered nearly 2,500 articles, reviewed them, and drew conclusion based on the articles.

This is well written, informative, and my favorite thus far.



"Pediatric Delirium is rarely discussed in the medical literature and hardly ever diagnosed in practice", says author Jane Salodof Macneil. This is very accurate. As discussed in this article we often mistreat delirium because of its rarity of being diagnosed. The author takes the standpoint that Delirium is common in children but often mistaken as something else.

This article is slightly older and I am not confident in the validity, I highly recommend taking a look it, it has some interesting viewpoints.



This is another study done using an electroencephalogram (EEG). I liked this article because the specificity of the research. The author is specifically interested in the effects of a fever on delirium.

Results, as with the other EEG studies above, this research also claims to show a difference in the EEG reading of a child with febrile delirium.

This is rather poorly written and not recommending to someone who is new to the topic. although, does contain good information that is specific to febrile delirium.



This article was important for me to include because it discusses the diagnosis of delirium. More specifically, this article talks about the scale used to rate delirium in adults and applies that to children.

Results of this study show that the scale used for adults is applicable to children. Although this scale did not accurately predict mortality rates it did accurately distinguish between children that were and were not in a state of delirium.




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Introduction

I have chosen to conduct my "personal project" for Abnormal Child Psychopathology on the presentation and treatment for children displaying signs of delirium.

As described by Medicinenet.com delirium is "A sudden state of severe confusion and rapid changes in brain function, sometimes associated with hallucinations and hyperactivity, in which the patient is inaccessible by normal contact" (Medicine net, inc., 2003). My goal is not only to help you better understand delirium but to define and increase awareness about the causes of delirium in children, and potential treatment options.

I Plan to give you a brief critique on each link, and a short summary of the information that will be provided to you.
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